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38540

Chaycen Michael Zora v. Her Majesty the Queen

(British Columbia) (Criminal) (By Leave)

Docket

Judgments on applications for leave to appeal are rendered by the Court, but are not necessarily unanimous.

List of proceedings
Date Proceeding Filed By
(if applicable)
2021-03-02 Appeal closed
2020-06-19 Formal judgment sent to the registrar of the court of appeal and all parties
2020-06-19 Judgment on appeal and notice of deposit of judgment sent to all parties
2020-06-18 Judgment on the appeal rendered, CJ Abe Mo Ka Côt Br Row Mar Kas, The appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal for British Columbia (Vancouver), Number CA44946, 2019 BCCA 9, dated January 10, 2019, heard on December 4, 2019, is allowed. The appellant’s convictions are quashed and a new trial is ordered on the two counts for which convictions were entered in the Provincial Court.
Allowed
2019-12-13 Transcript received, 101 p.
2019-12-04 Judgment reserved OR rendered with reasons to follow
2019-12-04 Hearing of the appeal, 2019-12-04, CJ Abe Mo Ka Côt Br Row Mar Kas
Judgment reserved
2019-12-04 Intervener's condensed book, (Book Form) Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-12-04 Intervener's condensed book, (Book Form) Pivot Legal Society
2019-12-04 Respondent's condensed book, (Book Form) Her Majesty the Queen
2019-12-04 Appellant's condensed book, (Book Form) Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-12-03 Intervener's condensed book, (Book Form) Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-11-28 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), Advising of an additional authority the CDAS plans to refer to in oral argument at the hearing of the appeal. Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-11-27 Appeal perfected for hearing
2019-11-21 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Matthew Nathanson and Chatelle van Wiltenburg will appear before the court. Mr. Nathanson will present oral arguments. Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-11-20 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Jason Gratl and Toby Rauch-Davis will appear before the court. Mr. Gratl will present oral arguments. Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
2019-11-19 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Sarah Runyon, Garth Barriere and Michael Sobkin will appear before the court. Ms. Runyon will present oral arguments. Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-11-18 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Susanne Elliott will appear before the court. Ms. Elliott will present oral arguments. Attorney General of British Columbia
2019-11-18 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), 2 seats requested Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-18 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Danielle Glatt will appear before the court. Ms. Glatt will present oral arguments. Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-18 Respondent's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-18 Her Majesty the Queen
2019-11-18 Respondent's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-18 Her Majesty the Queen
2019-11-15 Notice of appearance, Susan Reid will appear before the court. Ms. Reid will present oral arguments. Attorney General of Ontario
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Attorney General of Ontario
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Attorney General of Ontario
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Attorney General of British Columbia
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Attorney General of British Columbia
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Pivot Legal Society
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-11-15 Intervener's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-11-15 Intervener's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-11-15 Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
2019-11-14 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), Contact added Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-11-14 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Nicholas St-Jacques and Pauline Lachance will appear before the court. Mr. St-Jacques will present oral arguments. Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-11-13 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), 2 reserved seats requested Pivot Legal Society
2019-11-13 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Éric Marcoux et Ryan Carrier will appear before the court. Mr. Marcoux will present oral arguments. Her Majesty the Queen
2019-11-13 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), David N. Fai and Caitlin Shane will appear before the court. Mr. Fai will present oral arguments. Pivot Legal Society
2019-11-13 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Christine Mainville will appear before the court. Ms. Mainville will present oral arguments. Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-11-07 Notice of appearance, (Letter Form), Roy W. Millen, Alexandra Luchenko and Danny Urquhart will appear before the court. Ms. Luchenko will present oral arguments. British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-11-01 Order on motion for leave to intervene, (by BROWN J.)
2019-11-01 Decision on the motion for leave to intervene, Br,
UPON APPLICATIONS by the Attorney General of Ontario, the Attorney General of British Columbia, the Criminal Lawyers’ Association of Ontario, the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users, the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, the Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society, the Pivot Legal Society and Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense for leave to intervene in the above appeal;
AND THE MATERIAL FILED having been read;
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
The motions for leave to intervene are granted and the said nine (9) interveners shall be entitled to each serve and file a single factum not to exceed ten (10) pages in length on or before November 15, 2019.
The said nine (9) interveners are each granted permission to present oral argument not exceeding five (5) minutes at the hearing of the appeal.
The respondent is granted permission to serve and file a single factum in reply to all interventions not to exceed five (5) pages in length on or before November 20, 2019, at 3 p.m. EST.
To the extent that their interests are similar, the interveners shall consult to avoid repetition.
The interveners are not entitled to raise new issues or to adduce further evidence or otherwise to supplement the record of the parties.
Pursuant to Rule 59(1)(a) of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada, the interveners shall pay to the appellant and the respondent any additional disbursements resulting from their interventions.
Granted
2019-11-01 Submission of motion for leave to intervene, Br
2019-10-31 Reply to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-31 Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), agent for the intervener, Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario.
Will not be filing a reply to the responses to the motion for leave to intervene.
Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-10-30 Reply to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-30 Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-10-30 Reply to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-30 British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-30 Reply to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-30 Pivot Legal Society
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), agent for the intervener, Canadian Civil Liberties Association.
Will not be filing a reply to the responses to the motion for leave to intervene.
Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), counsel for the intervener, Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense.
Will not be filing a reply to the responses to the motion for leave to intervene.
Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), agent for the intervener, Independant Criminal Defence Advocacy Society.
Will not be filing a reply to the appellant's response to the motion for leave to intervene but will be filing a reply to the respondent's response.
Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), agent for the intervener, Attorney General of British Columbia.
Will not be filing a reply to the responses to the motion for leave to intervene.
Attorney General of British Columbia
2019-10-30 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), agent for the intervener, Attorney General of Ontario.
Will not be filing a reply to the responses to the motion for leave to intervene.
Attorney General of Ontario
2019-10-30 Response to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-30 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-10-25 Response to the motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-25 Her Majesty the Queen
2019-10-21 Notice of name, (Letter Form) Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-10-21 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-21 Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense
2019-10-21 Notice of name, (Letter Form) Pivot Legal Society
2019-10-21 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-21 Pivot Legal Society
2019-10-21 Notice of name, (Letter Form) Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-10-21 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-21 Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society
2019-10-21 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-21 Canadian Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-21 Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form), Form 23A British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-21 Notice of name, (Letter Form) British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-21 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-21 British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
2019-10-18 Notice of name, (Letter Form) Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
2019-10-18 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-18 Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
2019-10-18 Motion for leave to intervene, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-10-18 Attorney General of Ontario
2019-10-17 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form),
-Filing fee missing, Incomplete
Attorney General of British Columbia
2019-09-25 Notice of name, (Letter Form) Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-09-25 Motion for leave to intervene, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-09-25 Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario
2019-09-23 Certificate of counsel (attesting to record), (Letter Form), Missing: Proof of Service Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-09-23 Appellant's record, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-08 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-09-23 Appellant's book of authorities, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-08 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-09-23 Appellant's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-10-08 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-08-13 Notice of hearing sent to parties
2019-08-01 Notice of appeal, (Letter Form), Completed on: 2019-08-01 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-07-31 Appeal hearing scheduled, 2019-12-04
Judgment reserved
2019-06-05 Letter advising the parties of tentative hearing date and filing deadlines (Leave granted)
2019-05-31 Copy of formal judgment sent to Registrar of the Court of Appeal and all parties
2019-05-31 Judgment on leave sent to the parties
2019-05-30 Judgment of the Court on the application for leave to appeal,
The application for leave to appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal for British Columbia (Vancouver), Number CA44946, 2019 BCCA 9, dated January 10, 2019, is granted.
Granted
2019-04-29 All materials on application for leave submitted to the Judges, for consideration by the Court
2019-04-23 Applicant's reply to respondent's argument, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-04-23 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-04-12 Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form) Her Majesty the Queen
2019-04-12 Respondent's response on the application for leave to appeal, (Book Form), Completed on: 2019-04-12 Her Majesty the Queen
2019-03-25 Correspondence received from, (Letter Form), Return of CA Order form; CA Order will be filed 2019/04/02 Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-03-13 Letter acknowledging receipt of an incomplete application for leave to appeal and without formal Court of Appeal order, FILE OPENED 2019/03/13
2019-03-08 Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form) Chaycen Michael Zora
2019-03-08 Application for leave to appeal, (Book Form), Lower Court Orders missing
1) Order from Supreme Court of British Columbia (received on 2019-04-09)
2) BCCA Order rec'd 2019/04/16, Completed on: 2019-04-16
Chaycen Michael Zora

Parties

Please note that in the case of closed files, the “Status” column reflects the status of the parties at the time of the proceedings. For more information about the proceedings and about the dates when the file was open, please consult the docket of the case in question.

Main parties

Main parties - Appellants
Name Role Status
Zora, Chaycen Michael Appellant Active

v.

Main parties - Respondents
Name Role Status
Her Majesty the Queen Respondent Active

Other parties

Other parties
Name Role Status
Attorney General of Ontario Intervener Active
Attorney General of British Columbia Intervener Active
Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario Intervener Active
Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users Intervener Active
British Columbia Civil Liberties Association Intervener Active
Canadian Civil Liberties Association Intervener Active
Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society Intervener Active
Pivot Legal Society Intervener Active
Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense Intervener Active

Counsel

Party: Zora, Chaycen Michael

Counsel
Sarah Runyon
Garth Barriere
Marion & Runyon, Criminal Lawyers
1301 Cedar Street
Campbell River, British Columbia
V9W 2W6
Telephone: (250) 286-0671
FAX: (250) 287-7361
Email: runyon@marionandcompany.ca
Agent
Michael J. Sobkin
331 Somerset Street West
Ottawa, Ontario
K2P 0J8
Telephone: (613) 282-1712
FAX: (613) 288-2896
Email: msobkin@sympatico.ca

Party: Her Majesty the Queen

Counsel
Ryan J. Carrier
Éric Marcoux
Public Prosecution Service of Canada
900-840 Howe Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6Z 2S9
Telephone: (604) 666-5250
FAX: (604) 666-1599
Email: ryan.carrier@ppsc-sppc.gc.ca
Agent
François Lacasse
Public Prosecution Service of Canada
160 Elgin Street
12th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0H8
Telephone: (613) 957-4770
FAX: (613) 941-7865
Email: Francois.Lacasse@ppsc-sppc.gc.ca

Party: Criminal Lawyers' Association of Ontario

Counsel
Christine Mainville
Lauren Binhammer
Henein Hutchison LLP
202-445 King Street West
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 1K4
Telephone: (416) 368-5000
FAX: (416) 368-6640
Email: cmainville@henein.com
Agent
Colleen Bauman
Goldblatt Partners LLP
500-30 Metcalfe St.
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5L4
Telephone: (613) 482-2463
FAX: (613) 235-3041
Email: cbauman@goldblattpartners.com

Party: Attorney General of Ontario

Counsel
Susan L. Reid
Attorney General of Ontario
720 Bay Street
10th Floor
Toronto, Ontario
M7A 2S9
Telephone: (416) 326-4600
FAX: (416) 326-4656
Email: susan.reid@ontario.ca
Agent
Nadia Effendi
Borden Ladner Gervais LLP
World Exchange Plaza
100 Queen Street, suite 1300
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 1J9
Telephone: (613) 787-3562
FAX: (613) 230-8842
Email: neffendi@blg.com

Party: Attorney General of British Columbia

Counsel
Susanne E. Elliott
Attorney General of British Columbia
Criminal Appeals & Special Prosecutions
6th Floor, 865 Hornby Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6Z 2G3
Telephone: (604) 660-7426
FAX: (604) 660-1133
Email: susanne.elliott@gov.bc.ca
Agent
Robert E. Houston, Q.C.
Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP
160 Elgin Street
Suite 2600
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 1C3
Telephone: (613) 783-8817
FAX: (613) 788-3500
Email: robert.houston@gowlingwlg.com

Party: Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users

Counsel
Jason B. Gratl
Toby Rauch-Davis
Gratl & company
511-55 East Cordova Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6A 0A5
Telephone: (604) 694-1919
FAX: (604) 608-1919
Email: jason@gratlandcompany.com
Agent
Michael J. Sobkin
331 Somerset Street West
Ottawa, Ontario
K2P 0J8
Telephone: (613) 282-1712
FAX: (613) 288-2896
Email: msobkin@sympatico.ca

Party: British Columbia Civil Liberties Association

Counsel
Roy W. Millen
Alexandra Luchenko
Danny Urquhart
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
595 Burrard Street, P.O. Box 49314
Suite 2600, Three Bentall Centre
Vancouver, British Columbia
V7X 1L3
Telephone: (604) 631-4220
FAX: (604) 631-3309
Email: roy.millen@blakes.com
Agent
Maxine Vincelette
Power Law
130 Albert Street
Suite 1103
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5G4
Telephone: (613) 702-5573
FAX: (613) 702-5573
Email: mvincelette@powerlaw.ca

Party: Canadian Civil Liberties Association

Counsel
Danielle Glatt
Paliare Roland Rosenberg Rothstein LLP
155 Wellington Street West
35th Floor
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 3H1
Telephone: (416) 646-7440
FAX: (416) 646-4301
Email: danielle.glatt@paliareroland.com
Agent
D.Lynne Watt
Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP
160 Elgin Street
Suite 2600
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 1C3
Telephone: (613) 786-8695
FAX: (613) 788-3509
Email: lynne.watt@gowlingwlg.com

Party: Independent Criminal Defence Advocacy Society

Counsel
Jeffrey T. Campbell, Q.C.
Matthew Nathanson
Peck and Company
744 West Hastings Street
Suite 610
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6C 1A5
Telephone: (604) 669-0208
FAX: (604) 669-0616
Email: jcampbell@peckandcompany.ca
Agent
Matthew Estabrooks
Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP
2600 - 160 Elgin Street
P.O. Box 466, Stn. A
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 1C3
Telephone: (613) 786-0211
FAX: (613) 788-3573
Email: matthew.estabrooks@gowlingwlg.com

Party: Pivot Legal Society

Counsel
David N. Fai
Caitlin O. Shane
David N. Fai, Law Corporation
300 - 1401 Lonsdale Avenue
North Vancouver, British Columbia
V7M 2H9
Telephone: (604) 685-4150
FAX: (604) 986-3409
Email: davidfai@telus.net
Agent
Colleen Bauman
Goldblatt Partners LLP
500-30 Metcalfe St.
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5L4
Telephone: (613) 482-2463
FAX: (613) 235-3041
Email: cbauman@goldblattpartners.com

Party: Association québécoise des avocats et avocates de la défense

Counsel
Nicholas St-Jacques
Pauline Lachance
Desrosiers, Joncas, Nouraie, Massicotte
500 Place d'Armes, Bureau 1940
Montréal, Quebec
H2Y 2W2
Telephone: (514) 397-9284
FAX: (514) 397-9922
Email: nsj@legroupenouraie.com
Agent
Paul Charlebois
Charlebois-Swanston, Gagnon, avocats
166 rue Wellington
Gatineau, Quebec
J8X 2J4
Telephone: (819) 770-4888 Ext: 105
FAX: (819) 770-0712
Email: pcharlebois@csgavocats.com

Summary

Keywords

Criminal law – Failure to comply with condition of undertaking or recognizance – Elements of the offence – Mens rea – Whether mens rea for offence of failing to comply with condition of undertaking or recognizance should be assessed objectively or subjectively – Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s. 145(3).

Summary

Case summaries are prepared by the Office of the Registrar of the Supreme Court of Canada (Law Branch). Please note that summaries are not provided to the Judges of the Court. They are placed on the Court file and website for information purposes only.

Mr. Zora, appellant, was charged with several drug offences and was granted bail on the condition that he obey a curfew and present himself at his front door within five minutes of a police officer or bail supervisor attending to confirm his compliance with those conditions. On two occasions, Mr. Zora failed to present himself and he was ultimately convicted of breach of recognizance. Mr. Zora appealed his conviction on the basis that the trial judge erred by applying the wrong mens rea standard to the offence. The trial court and a majority of the Court of Appeal dismissed his appeals. They found that while s. 145(3) was ambiguous and that there was conflict in the jurisprudence on the issue, the correct approach was to assess the mens rea of the offence objectively. Fenlon J.A., however, would have applied a subjective standard. In her view, neither the words nor the design of the offence supports a clear legislative intent to displace the presumptive subjective fault element that is the foundational principle of the criminal law.

Lower court rulings

March 29, 2017
Provincial Court of British Columbia

38980-6-CAC, 38980-7-CAC

Applicant convicted of breach of recognizance (s. 145(3) of the Criminal Code)

November 15, 2017
Supreme Court of British Columbia

38980, 2017 BCSC 2070

Appeal dismissed

January 10, 2019
Court of Appeal for British Columbia (Vancouver)

CA44946, 2019 BCCA 9

Appeal dismissed

Memorandums of argument on application for leave to appeal

The memorandums of argument on an application for leave to appeal will be posted here 30 days after leave to appeal has been granted unless they contain personal information, information that is subject to a publication ban, or any other information that is not part of the public record. You may also obtain copies of the memorandum by filing out the Request for Court records form or by contacting the Court’s Records Centre either by email at records-dossiers@scc-csc.ca or by telephone at 613‑996‑7933 or at 1‑888‑551‑1185.

If you have questions about a memorandum of argument or want to use a memorandum of argument, please contact the author of the memorandum of argument directly. Their name appears at the end of the memorandum of argument. The contact information for counsel is found in the “Counsel” tab of this page.

Downloadable PDFs

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Factums on appeal

The factums of the appellant, the respondent and the intervener will be posted here at least 2 weeks before the hearing unless they contain personal information, information that is subject to a publication ban, or any other information that is not part of the public record. You may also obtain copies of factums by filling out the Request for Court records form or by contacting the Court’s Records Centre either by email at records-dossiers@scc-csc.ca or by telephone at 613‑996‑7933 or at 1‑888‑551‑1185.

If you have questions about a factum or want permission to use a factum, please contact the author of the factum directly. Their contact information appears on the first page of each factum.

Downloadable PDFs

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Date modified: 2025-02-27